Spring RestTemplate

After learning to build Spring REST API for XML representation and JSON representation, lets learn to build Spring REST client using the Spring RestTemplate to consume the APIs which we have written in linked examples.

1. Spring RestTemplate class

Accessing the REST apis inside a Spring application revolves around the use of the Spring RestTemplate class. The RestTemplate class is designed on the same principles as the many other Spring *Template classes (e.g., JdbcTemplate, JmsTemplate ), providing a simplified approach with default behaviors for performing complex tasks.

Given that the RestTemplate class is a synchronous client that is designed to call REST services. It should come as no surprise that its primary methods are closely tied to REST’s underpinnings, which are the HTTP protocol’s methods HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and OPTIONS.

2. Building RestTemplate Bean

The given below are few examples to create RestTemplate bean in the application. We are only looking at very simple bean definitions. For extensive configuration options, please refer to RestTemplate Configuration with HttpClient.

2.1. Using RestTemplateBuilder

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {

    return builder
            .setConnectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000))
            .setReadTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(3000))
            .build();
}

2.2. Using SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

    var factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
    factory.setConnectTimeout(3000);
    factory.setReadTimeout(3000);
    return new RestTemplate(factory);
}

2.3. Using Apache HTTPClient

@Autowired
CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

    RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(clientHttpRequestFactory());
    return restTemplate;
}

@Bean
public HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory() {

    HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory 
    						= new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
    clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
    return clientHttpRequestFactory;
}

2.4. Injecting RestTemplate bean

To inject the RestTemplate bean, use the well known @Autowired annotation. If you have multiple beans of type RestTemplate with different configurations, use the @Qualifier annotation as well.

@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;

3. Spring RestTemplate – HTTP GET Example

Available methods are:

• getForObject(url, classType) – retrieve a representation by doing a GET on the URL. The response (if any) is unmarshalled to given class type and returned.
• getForEntity(url, responseType) – retrieve a representation as ResponseEntity by doing a GET on the URL.
• exchange(requestEntity, responseType) – execute the specified RequestEntity and return the response as ResponseEntity.
• execute(url, httpMethod, requestCallback, responseExtractor) – execute the httpMethod to the given URI template, preparing the request with the RequestCallback, and reading the response with a ResponseExtractor.

3.1. HTTP GET REST APIs

@GetMapping(value = "/employees", 
		produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE})
public EmployeeListVO getAllEmployees(
		@RequestHeader(name = "X-COM-PERSIST", required = true) String headerPersist,
        @RequestHeader(name = "X-COM-LOCATION", defaultValue = "ASIA") String headerLocation) 
{
	LOGGER.info("Header X-COM-PERSIST :: " + headerPersist);
	LOGGER.info("Header X-COM-LOCATION :: " + headerLocation);
	
    EmployeeListVO employees = getEmployeeList();
    return employees;
}

@GetMapping(value = "/employees/{id}", 
		produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE})
public ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO> getEmployeeById (@PathVariable("id") Integer id) 
{
	LOGGER.info("Requested employee id :: " + id);
	
    if (id != null && id > 0) {
    	//TODO: Fetch the employee and return from here
        EmployeeVO employee = new EmployeeVO(id, "Lokesh","Gupta", "howtodoinjava@gmail.com");
        return new ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO>(employee, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
    return new ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}

3.2. Spring RestTemplate example to consume REST API

In the given example, we are fetching the API response as a JSON string. We need to use ObjectMapper to parse it to the POJO before using it in the application.

getForObject() method is pretty useful when we are getting an unparsable response from the server, and we have no control to get it fixed on the server-side. Here, we can get the response as String, and use a custom parser or use a string replacement function to fix the response before handling it to the parser.

private static void getEmployees()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees";

	//TODO: Autowire the RestTemplate in all the examples
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

	String result = restTemplate.getForObject(uri, String.class);
	System.out.println(result);
}

Read More: Converting JSON String to Object using Jackson 2

3.3. Spring RestTemplate example to consume API response into POJO

In the given example, we are fetching the API response directly into the domain object.

Using getForObject() Method

private static void getEmployees()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
	
	EmployeeListVO result = restTemplate.getForObject(uri, EmployeeListVO.class);
	
	//Use the response
}

Using getForEntity() Method

private static void getEmployees()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

	ResponseEntity<EmployeeListVO> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, EmployeeListVO.class);

	//Use the response.getBody()
}

3.4. Sending HTTP Headers using RestTemplate

private static void getEmployees()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
	
	HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
	headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));
	headers.set("X-COM-PERSIST", "NO");
	headers.set("X-COM-LOCATION", "USA");

	HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(headers);
	
	ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);
	
	//Use the response.getBody()
}

3.5. Sending URL Parameters using RestTemplate

private static void getEmployeeById()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees/{id}";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
	
	Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
	params.put("id", "1");
	
	EmployeeVO result = restTemplate.getForObject(uri, EmployeeVO.class, params);
	
	//Use the result
}

4. Spring RestTemplate – HTTP POST Example

Available methods are:

• postForObject(url, request, classType) – POSTs the given object to the URL, and returns the representation found in the response as given class type.
• postForEntity(url, request, responseType) – POSTs the given object to the URL, and returns the response as ResponseEntity.
• postForLocation(url, request, responseType) – POSTs the given object to the URL, and returns returns the value of the Location header.
• exchange(url, requestEntity, responseType)
• execute(url, httpMethod, requestCallback, responseExtractor)

4.1. HTTP POST REST API

The POST API, we will consume in this example.

@PostMapping(value = "/employees")
public ResponseEntity<String> createEmployee(EmployeeVO employee) 
{
	//TODO: Save employee details which will generate the employee id
	employee.setId(111);
	
	//Build URI
	 URI location = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentRequest()
		                 .path("/{id}")
		                 .buildAndExpand(employee.getId())
		                 .toUri();
    return ResponseEntity.created(location).build();
}

4.2. Spring RestTemplate example to consume POST API

Spring REST client using RestTemplate to access HTTP POST api requests.

private static void createEmployee()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

	EmployeeVO newEmployee = new EmployeeVO(-1, "Adam", "Gilly", "test@email.com");
	
	EmployeeVO result = restTemplate.postForObject( uri, newEmployee, EmployeeVO.class);

	System.out.println(result);
}

5. Spring RestTemplate – HTTP PUT Method Example

Available methods are:

• put(url, request) – PUTs the given request object to URL.

5.1. HTTP PUT REST API

@PutMapping(value = "/employees/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO> updateEmployee(@PathVariable("id") int id
				,EmployeeVO employee) 
{
	//TODO: Save employee details
    return new ResponseEntity<EmployeeVO>(employee, HttpStatus.OK);
}

5.2. Spring RestTemplate example to consume PUT API

private static void updateEmployee()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees/{id}";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
	
	Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
	params.put("id", "2");
	
	EmployeeVO updatedEmployee = new EmployeeVO(2, "New Name", "Gilly", "test@email.com");
	
	restTemplate.put ( uri, updatedEmployee, params );
}

6. Spring RestTemplate – HTTP DELETE Method Example

Available methods are:

• delete(url) – deletes the resource at the specified URL.

6.1. HTTP DELETE REST API

@DeleteMapping(value = "/employees/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<String> deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") int id) 
{
	//TODO: Delete the employee record
    return new ResponseEntity<String>(HttpStatus.OK);
}

6.2. Spring RestTemplate example to consume DELETE API

private static void deleteEmployee()
{
	final String uri = "http://localhost:8080/springrestexample/employees/{id}";
	RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
	
	Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
	params.put("id", "2");
	
	restTemplate.delete ( uri,  params );
}

Feel free to copy and modify above Spring RestTemplate examples for building the Spring REST API Consumer in your Spring WebMVC application.

7. RestTemplate Examples

Spring RestTemplate basic authentication example
Spring RestTemplate timeout configuration example
Spring RestTemplateBuilder Example
Spring RestTemplate – HttpClient configuration example
Spring Boot RestTemplate GET Example
Spring Boot RestTemplate POST Example
Spring boot JUnit example with RestTemplate
Spring boot TestRestTemplate POST with headers example
Spring ClientHttpRequestInterceptor with RestTemplate

Happy Learning !!