Guide to IntStream in Java

Java IntStream class is a specialization of Stream interface for int primitive. It represents a stream of primitive int-valued elements supporting sequential and parallel aggregate operations.

IntStream is part of the java.util.stream package and implements AutoCloseable and BaseStream interfaces.

1. Creating IntStream

There are several ways of creating an IntStream.

1.1. With Specified Values

This function returns a sequential ordered stream whose elements are the specified values.

It comes in two versions i.e. single element stream and multiple values stream.

• IntStream of(int t) – Returns stream containing a single specified element.
• IntStream of(int... values) – Returns stream containing specified all elements.

IntStream.of(10); 		//10
IntStream.of(1, 2, 3); 	//1,2,3

1.2. Generating ints in Range

The IntStream produced by range() methods is a sequential ordered stream of int values which is the equivalent sequence of increasing int values in a for-loop and value incremented by 1. This class supports two methods.

• range(int start, int end) – Returns a sequential ordered int stream from startInclusive (inclusive) to endExclusive (exclusive) by an incremental step of 1.
• rangeClosed(int start, int end) – Returns a sequential ordered int stream from startInclusive (inclusive) to endInclusive (inclusive) by an incremental step of 1.

IntStream.range(1, 5);  	//1,2,3,4

IntStream.rangeClosed(1, 5);  	//1,2,3,4,5

1.3. Infinite Streams with Iteration

The iterator() function is useful for creating infinite streams. Also, we can use this method to produce streams where values are increment by any other value than 1.

Given example produces first 10 even numbers starting from 0.

IntStream.iterate(0, i -> i + 2).limit(10);	

//0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18

1.4. Infinite Streams with IntSupplier

The generate() method looks a lot like iterator(), but differs by not calculating the int values by incrementing the previous value. Rather an IntSupplier is provided which is a functional interface is used to generate an infinite sequential unordered stream of int values.

Following example create a stream of 10 random numbers and then print them in the console.

IntStream stream = IntStream
    .generate(() -> { return (int)(Math.random() * 10000); }); 

stream.limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);

2. Iterating Over Values

To loop through the elements, stream support the forEach() operation. To replace simple for-loop using IntStream, follow the same approach.

IntStream.rangeClosed(0, 4)
			.forEach( System.out::println );

3. Filtering the Values

We can apply filtering on int values produced by the stream and use them in another function or collect them for further processing.

For example, we can iterate over int values and filter/collect all prime numbers up to a certain limit.

IntStream stream = IntStream.range(1, 100); 

List<Integer> primes = stream.filter(ThisClass::isPrime)
			.boxed()
			.collect(Collectors.toList());

public static boolean isPrime(int i)
{
    IntPredicate isDivisible = index -> i % index == 0;
    return i > 1 && IntStream.range(2, i).noneMatch(isDivisible);
}

4. Converting IntStream to Array

Use IntStream.toArray() method to convert from the stream to int array.

int[] intArray = IntStream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).toArray();

5. Converting IntStream to List

Collections in Java can not store the primitive values directly. They can store only instances/objects.

Using boxed() method of IntStream, we can get a stream of wrapper objects which can be collected by Collectors methods.

List<Integer> list = IntStream.of(1,2,3,4,5)
            .boxed()
            .collect(Collectors.toList());

Happy Learning !!

Sourcecode on Github