TestNG parallel execution of tests, classes and suites with examples. Learn how to run testng tests and suites in parallel or single test in multiple threads.
Parallelism or multi-threading in software terms is defined as the ability of the software, operating system, or program to execute multiple parts or sub-components of another program simultaneously. TestNG allows the tests to run in parallel or multi-threaded mode. This means that based on the test suite configuration, different threads are started simultaneously and the test methods are executed in them. This gives a user a lot of advantages over normal execution, mainly reduction in execution time and ability to verify a multi-threaded code.
Table Of Contents 1. Advantages of parallel rests execution 2. Run parallel testcases 3. Run test classes in parallel 4. Run tests suite in parallel 5. Configure a testcase to run in multiple threads
1. Advantages of parallel rests execution
Parallelism or multi-threaded execution can provide a lot of advantages to the users. The following are two:
- Reduces execution time – As tests are executed in parallel, multiple tests get executed simultaneously, hence reducing the overall time taken to execute the tests.
- Allows multi-threaded tests – Using this feature, we can write tests to verify certain multi-threaded code in the applications.
Parallel test execution is vastly used by the QA industry for functional automation testing. This feature helps QA to configure their tests to be executed easily in multiple browsers or operating systems simultaneously.
There are different ways in which parallelism feature can be configured in TestNG.
2. Run parallel testng testcases
TestNG provides multiple ways to execute the tests in a multi-threaded condition, one of them is executing each test method in a single thread. This mode reduces the execution time significantly because more tests are executed in parallel, hence reducing the total execution time.
Java program for parallel test execution in testng. This is an example of how to run methods in parallel using testng xml from single class file.
package com.howtodoinjava.parallelism; import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class ParallelMethodTest { @BeforeMethod public void beforeMethod() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Before test-method. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodsOne() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Simple test-method One. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodsTwo() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Simple test-method Two. Thread id is: " + id); } @AfterMethod public void afterMethod() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("After test-method. Thread id is: " + id); } }
The preceding test class contains two test methods, which prints a message onto the console when executed. The ID of the thread on which the current method is being executed is evaluated using the Thread.currentThread.getId()
code.
It also contains the before
and after
methods, which also prints the thread ID of the current thread onto the console when executed.
Create a new file named methods-test-testng.xml
under the project and write below code.
<suite name="Test-method Suite" parallel="methods" thread-count="2" > <test name="Test-method test" group-by-instances="true"> <classes> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.ParallelMethodTest" /> </classes> </test> </suite>
Select this file in Eclipse and run it as a TestNG suite. You will see the following test result in the Console window:
Before test-method. Thread id is: 10 Before test-method. Thread id is: 9 Simple test-method Two. Thread id is: 10 Simple test-method One. Thread id is: 9 After test-method. Thread id is: 10 After test-method. Thread id is: 9
Id
value shown in the previous screenshot may not be the same in your console output. The Id value is assigned at runtime by the Java virtual machine (JVM) during execution.The previous test result clearly shows that each test method and its respective before
and after
method is executed in a different thread. This is identified by the ID of the thread that is printed on the console.
2. Run testng test classes in parallel
In this example, we will learn about executing testng test classes in parallel
; each test class that is part of the test execution will be executed in its own thread.
public class ParallelClassesTestOne { @BeforeClass public void beforeClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Before test-class. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodOne() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Sample test-method One. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodTwo() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Sample test-method Two. Thread id is: " + id); } @AfterClass public void afterClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("After test-class. Thread id is: " + id); } }
public class ParallelClassesTestTwo { @BeforeClass public void beforeClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Before test-class. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodOne() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Sample test-method One. Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodTwo() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Sample test-method Two. Thread id is: " + id); } @AfterClass public void afterClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("After test-class. Thread id is: " + id); } }
Create a new file named classes-test-testng.xml
under the project and write below code.
<suite name="Test-class Suite" parallel="classes" thread-count="2" > <test name="Test-class test" > <classes> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.ParallelClassesTestOne" /> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.ParallelClassesTestTwo" /> </classes> </test> </suite>
Select this file in Eclipse and run it as a TestNG suite. You will see the following test result in the Console window:
Before test-class. Thread id is: 10 Before test-class. Thread id is: 9 Sample test-method One. Thread id is: 9 Sample test-method One. Thread id is: 10 Sample test-method Two. Thread id is: 10 After test-class. Thread id is: 10 Sample test-method Two. Thread id is: 9 After test-class. Thread id is: 9
The previous test result clearly shows that each test class and its respective beforeClass
and afterClass
methods are executed in a different thread. This is identified by the id of the thread that is printed on the console.
4. TestNG run parallel suites
Let’s learn about executing each test inside a suite in parallel, that is, each test that is part of the test suite execution will be executed in its own separate respective thread.
package com.howtodoinjava.parallelism; import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass; import org.testng.annotations.AfterTest; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass; import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest; import org.testng.annotations.Parameters; import org.testng.annotations.Test; public class ParallelSuiteTest { String testName = ""; @BeforeTest @Parameters({ "test-name" }) public void beforeTest(String testName) { this.testName = testName; long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Before test " + testName + ". Thread id is: " + id); } @BeforeClass public void beforeClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Before test-class " + testName + ". Thread id is: " + id); } @Test public void testMethodOne() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Sample test-method " + testName + ". Thread id is: " + id); } @AfterClass public void afterClass() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("After test-method " + testName + ". Thread id is: " + id); } @AfterTest public void afterTest() { long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("After test " + testName + ". Thread id is: " + id); } }
Create a new file named suite-test-testng.xml
under the project and write below code.
<suite name="Test-class Suite" parallel="tests" thread-count="2"> <test name="Test-class test 1"> <parameter name="test-name" value="test-method One" /> <classes> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.ParallelSuiteTest" /> </classes> </test> <test name="Test-class test 2"> <parameter name="test-name" value="test-method One" /> <classes> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.ParallelSuiteTest" /> </classes> </test> </suite>
Select this file in Eclipse and run it as a TestNG suite. You will see the following test result in the Console window:
Before test Test One. Thread id is: 9 Before test Test Two. Thread id is: 10 Before test-class Test One. Thread id is: 9 Before test-class Test Two. Thread id is: 10 Sample test-method Test One. Thread id is: 9 Sample test-method Test Two. Thread id is: 10 After test-method Test Two. Thread id is: 10 After test-method Test One. Thread id is: 9 After test Test One. Thread id is: 9 After test Test Two. Thread id is: 10
The previous test result clearly shows that each test in a suite is executed in its respective thread. This is identified by the ID
of the thread that is printed on the console.
5. Configure testng test to run in multiple threads
Earlier we discussed how to run classes, methods, and tests in parallel or in multi-threaded mode. TestNG also provides the flexibility to configure a test method to be run in a multi-threaded environment. This is achieved by configuring it while using the @Test
annotation on a method.
public class IndependentTest { @Test(threadPoolSize = 3, invocationCount = 6, timeOut = 1000) public void testMethod() { Long id = Thread.currentThread().getId(); System.out.println("Test method executing on thread with id: " + id); } }
The method is configured to run in multi-threaded mode by using the threadPoolSize attribute along with the Test annotation. The value of the threadPoolSize is set to 3; this configures the test method to be run in three different threads.
The other two attributes, invocationCount and timeOut, configures the test to be invoked a multiple number of times and fail if the execution takes more time.
Create a new file named independent-test-testng.xml
under the project and write below code.
<suite name="Independent test Suite" > <test name="Independent test"> <classes> <class name="com.howtodoinjava.parallelism.IndependentTest" /> </classes> </test> </suite>
Select this file in Eclipse and run it as a TestNG suite. You will see the following test result in the Console window:
Test method executing on thread with id: 11 Test method executing on thread with id: 10 Test method executing on thread with id: 9 Test method executing on thread with id: 11 Test method executing on thread with id: 11 Test method executing on thread with id: 10
Here, test method is executed multiple times based on the invocationCount attribute value. Each execution is done in a separate thread that is clearly visible from the test report output. This feature is useful when you want to run only a fixed number of test methods in multi-threaded mode and not the whole test suite.
Happy Learning !!
harsha
How to Run suites in Parallel.
Pedro Garcia
Hello, is it possible to have several classes with multiple testNG and create a main class that runs all the classes we want? And the results are in a single .html file?
I created a class with several tests in a total of 31 but separated by @test, but if I want to run only specific tests I will have to search and comment on the ones I do not want to run, is there any way to do it in a simpler way? (I managed to do this for a .txt file where I created a main code, and in that code I call the classes name and I run the ones I want, but I do not know how to do this with testNG).
shans
hey !
I’m new to selenium. I’m automating a website, which has 6 products. i wrote the selenium code for each of the product in the testNG class. I’m maintaing a testng.xml , i want to run all my 6 java testng classes sequentially using testng.xml, but is not happening. If i run the testng.xml using classes then only my first class gets executed and the rest gives the error as “Illegal state execpetion”. Can anyone please help me.
Samreen Chughtai
Hi Shans,
I can help you if you describe what you are trying to do in your class. Better show the code. Probably you need to set your browser properties before every testcase.
Post the code snippet and I can help you.
Neha Jain
I was trying “Configuring a test method to run in multiple threads”.
My tests still run in sequence instead of parallel. I tried all the approaches, and everything is working except the last one.
I have to write a performance test suite to check the load an API can take.
Samreen
Hi Neha, Hope you have tried Postman for testing API performance. It is a better approach than testing using selenium.
Mohan Kumar
Hi All,
I have two testng xml files(testng1.xml and testng2.xml) and I need to launch one Chrome browser per xml file in parallel(means like 1 chrome driver for 1 xml suite). How to achieve this..?
Vikram VI
Hi,
Thanks for explaining in simple language.
Can you please clarify wrt “Running tests inside a suite in parallel”
– I want to do some action which is common to all the tests but only once, how to achieve it ?
– This action is common to all the tests so I don’t want to run in parallel but only once for all the tests / classes.
Regards,
Vikram
Samreen Chughtai
Use beforeClass annotation
Eswar
hi Lokesh,
Can i use this parallel testing to test api using rest assured by using testng
Uma
Great blog! Informative. Thank you
Gopika
Hii
I hav 10 testcases I hav to run 6 testcases parallel and 4 testcases sequential how can I do tat help me…..
Himansu
Hi Lokesh,
We can also change the above example to executed test both parallel and sequentially on the same execution flow.
Shru
Hi Lokesh,
Firstly, this is a very informative post! Thank you. I had a query, I want to run the test suites in parallel. Is there a way to do that? Please let me now if you have any suggestions to do so.
Thanks,
Shru
Srinivas
Hi,
We have configured for parallel suite from TestNG. The problem is that is opens two browsers but execution happens only in one browser. Can someone help me with this ?
Lokesh Gupta
A similar problem is discussed here.
Govardhan
Check in your class that whether you are creating driver instance in both BeforeClass & BeforeMethod. If so, it opens 2 browsers but execution happen in the browser that opened in BeforeMethod. If driver instance is created in single method, please share your class and .xml files for better understanding of your issue.
Bala
Hi Lokesh ,
i am facing issue on running parallel= “tests”
Issue Facing: I have created all test cases in one class files at @Test each, Now i want to run the class file in different browser in parallel
XML file:
But when i executed this xml file only test cases running in FF browser , whereas chrome browser launched and home url loads and Testcases not executed it strucks there itself.
Can you please help me to get out of this issue. Thanks in advance.
Lokesh Gupta
Please post sourcecode inside [xml] … [/xml] tags.
Bala
Hi Lokesh,
Can you please provide your mail id , i can’t able to send XML code here
Lokesh Gupta
howtodoinjava@gmail.com
Bala
Lokesh i mailed you can you please look into it.
Aman
Hi Bala ,
Have you got any solution for this as I am also having same issue ?
please let me know solution.
Joe
I am using a similar set up, but my @BeforeTest method seems to start two tests on the same thread, any thoughts why?
Here is the xml file showing three test classes…
Lokesh Gupta
Hi Joe, Yes TestNG first tries to find a idle thread and only tries to create new if found none idle.
Joe
I thought the whole idea of parallel=”tests” was that each class would start on a separate thread? Is there no way to force TestNG to start each test class in a separate thread? The problem is that I using this to run selenium grid, and if the test classes are not each on a separate thread, the driver can get shared between classes, and this seems to cause all sorts of problems.
davyjones2010
Hi Lokesh, this is really an informative post. But I realized that maybe you’ve wrongly post the content of “suite-test-testng.xml” in “Running tests inside a suite in parallel” section. It is the same with the “classes-test-testng.xml” in “Running test classes in parallel” section, and thus, it will not generate the desired result.
davyjones2010
And I suspect the correct suite-test-testng.xml should be as following:
Alfredo
I agree
Lokesh Gupta
Looks like while drafting these examples in form of tutorial, I messed up. Thanks for the patience.