Python – int or Integers

1. Python integer values

In Python, an int or integer is:

• a whole number without decimal
• positive, negative or zero
• of unlimited length
• may contain underscores to improve readability

x = 10
y = 12345678987654321
z = 12_34_56

print(x)			# 10
print(y)			# 12345678987654321
print(z)			# 123456

2. Integers can be octal and hex

In python, we can represent the integers in the octal or hexadecimal representation also.

• Octal and hexadecimal numbers can be negative, but cannot be written in the exponential form.
• Octals are prefixed with '0o' (zero followed by the letter “o”) and contains digits from 0 to 7.
• Hexadecimals prefixed with '0x' (zero followed by the letter “x” – uppercase or lowercase) and contains digits from 0 to 9 or letters from A to F (uppercase or lowercase).

octalInt = 0o22
hexInt = 0xAA

print(octalInt)		# 18
print(hexInt)		# 170

3. Arithmetic operations

3.1. Addition, subtraction, multiplication and devision

These operations are pretty much similar to other languages.

The standard operation of division, which is performed by the / operator, generally returns a floating-point result. Use the floor division operator // to remove the digits after the decimal point.

• x / y : returns quotient of x and y
• x // y : returns (floored) quotient of x and y
• x % y : remainder of x / y
• divmod(x, y) : the pair (x // y, x % y)

x = 22
y = 5

print (x + y)			# Prints 27
print (x - y)			# Prints 17
print (x * y)			# Prints 110

print (x / y)			# Prints 4.4
print (x // y)			# Prints 4
print (x % y)			# Prints 2
print ( divmod(x, y) )	# Prints (4, 2)

3.2. Increment and decrement

• Increment (+=x) adds x to the operand.
• Decrement (-=x) subtracts x to the operand.

x = 10
y = 10

x += 1
print (x)	# Prints 11

x += 5
print (x)	# Prints 16

y -= 1
print (y)	# Prints 9

y -= 5
print (y)	# Prints 4

3.3. Exponent

Exponential calculation is possible using ** operator.

x = 10
y = 2

print (x ** y)	# Prints 100

4. isinstance to check type

If you want to verify if an integer belongs to the class int you can use isinstance.

x = 10

print( isinstance(x, int) ) # Prints True

5. Convert Integer to String

Use string constructor str().

x = 10

valueOfX = str( x ) 	# '10'

6. Convert String to Integer

Use integer constructor int().

valueOfX = '10'

x = int( valueOfX ) 	# 10

Happy Learning !!