Learn about the available zone ids and zone offsets in Java 8 or later. These zone ids and offsets represent an instant/timestamp that is local to the specified timezone.
1. Using ZoneId and ZoneOffset
Java 8 introduced new date and time APIs (JSR-310), including ZoneId and ZoneOffset.
- ZoneId specifies a time zone identifier and provides rules for converting between an Instant and a LocalDateTime.
- ZoneOffset specifies a time zone offset from Greenwich/UTC.
In Java, the most suitable representation of an em in a zone is an instance of ZonedDateTime class. We can create its instances as follows:
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));
//or
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneOffset.of("+05:30"));
//or
ZonedDateTime zdt = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of(ZoneId.SHORT_IDS.get("IST")));We can convert the local timestamps (in default zone) to timestamps in a specified zone using these classes as follows:
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
ZonedDateTime zdt = ldt.atZone(ZoneOffset.of("+05:30"));
//or
LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();
ZonedDateTime zdt = ldt.atZone(ZoneId.of("Asia/Kolkata"));So, to use date time APIs in an application available in multiple zones, we need to know the exact value of zone id or offset. The next section lists all supported zone ids and offsets in Java.
2. Commonly Used Zone Ids and Offsets
The following table lists the commonly used zone ids and their offsets:
| Short Name | Zone Id | Zone Offset |
|---|---|---|
| GMT | GMT | +00:00 |
| UTC or UT | UTC | +00:00 |
| EST or ET | America/New_York | -05:00 |
| CST | America/Chicago | -06:00 |
| PST | America/Los_Angeles | -08:00 |
| IST | Asia/Kolkata | +05:30 |
The EST, CST and PST support Daylight Saving Changes (DST) rules, so it is advisable to use ZoneId to get the localized timestamp in a timezone. The correct offset is automatically applied on the timestamps based on DST rules.
See Also: Converting Date to EST/EDT Timezone
3. Java Supported Zone Ids and Offsets
The simplest way to find all zone ids in Java is using the methods ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds(), which returns a Set of all available region-based zone IDs.
Set<String> zoneIds = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds(); We can iterate and print all the zone ids for our reference. Let us take the example a step further. We will print all the zone ids and their offsets for reference purposes.
The following Java program iterates over all zone ids, and collects the zone id and offset mappings in a LinkedHashMap. We are using LinkedHashMap to maintain the ordering of the mappings added after sorting mappings by zone offset values using the Map.Entry.comparingByValue().reversed() Comparator.
Instant instant = Instant.now();
Map<String, String> result = ZoneId.getAvailableZoneIds()
.stream()
.map(ZoneId::of)
.map(zoneId -> new SimpleEntry<>(zoneId.toString(), instant.atZone(zoneId)
.getOffset()
.getId()
.replaceAll("Z", "+00:00")))
.sorted(Map.Entry.<String, String>comparingByValue().reversed())
.collect(Collectors.toMap(
SimpleEntry::getKey,
SimpleEntry::getValue,
(oldValue, newValue) -> oldValue,
LinkedHashMap::new));
result.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.printf(String.format("%35s %s %n", k, v)));
System.out.println("\nNumber of Zone IDs " + result.size());The program outputs all 601 zone ids and offsets. We can use this information to quickly refer to the supported time zones in Java.
Etc/GMT+12 -12:00
Pacific/Pago_Pago -11:00
Pacific/Samoa -11:00
Pacific/Niue -11:00
US/Samoa -11:00
Etc/GMT+11 -11:00
Pacific/Midway -11:00
Pacific/Honolulu -10:00
Pacific/Rarotonga -10:00
Pacific/Tahiti -10:00
Pacific/Johnston -10:00
America/Atka -10:00
US/Hawaii -10:00
SystemV/HST10 -10:00
America/Adak -10:00
US/Aleutian -10:00
Etc/GMT+10 -10:00
Pacific/Marquesas -09:30
Etc/GMT+9 -09:00
US/Alaska -09:00
America/Juneau -09:00
America/Metlakatla -09:00
Pacific/Gambier -09:00
America/Yakutat -09:00
America/Sitka -09:00
SystemV/YST9 -09:00
America/Anchorage -09:00
America/Nome -09:00
SystemV/YST9YDT -09:00
Etc/GMT+8 -08:00
Canada/Pacific -08:00
PST8PDT -08:00
Pacific/Pitcairn -08:00
Mexico/BajaNorte -08:00
America/Tijuana -08:00
SystemV/PST8 -08:00
America/Santa_Isabel -08:00
America/Vancouver -08:00
America/Ensenada -08:00
SystemV/PST8PDT -08:00
America/Los_Angeles -08:00
US/Pacific -08:00
Canada/Yukon -07:00
Etc/GMT+7 -07:00
US/Arizona -07:00
Mexico/BajaSur -07:00
America/Dawson_Creek -07:00
America/Denver -07:00
America/Yellowknife -07:00
America/Inuvik -07:00
America/Mazatlan -07:00
SystemV/MST7 -07:00
America/Boise -07:00
America/Dawson -07:00
MST7MDT -07:00
America/Chihuahua -07:00
America/Ojinaga -07:00
US/Mountain -07:00
America/Creston -07:00
America/Edmonton -07:00
America/Hermosillo -07:00
Canada/Mountain -07:00
America/Cambridge_Bay -07:00
Navajo -07:00
America/Phoenix -07:00
America/Whitehorse -07:00
SystemV/MST7MDT -07:00
America/Fort_Nelson -07:00
America/Shiprock -07:00
America/El_Salvador -06:00
America/Guatemala -06:00
America/Belize -06:00
America/Managua -06:00
America/Chicago -06:00
America/Tegucigalpa -06:00
Etc/GMT+6 -06:00
America/Regina -06:00
Mexico/General -06:00
America/Rankin_Inlet -06:00
US/Central -06:00
Pacific/Galapagos -06:00
America/Rainy_River -06:00
America/Swift_Current -06:00
America/Costa_Rica -06:00
America/Indiana/Knox -06:00
America/North_Dakota/Beulah -06:00
America/Monterrey -06:00
SystemV/CST6 -06:00
America/North_Dakota/Center -06:00
America/Indiana/Tell_City -06:00
America/Mexico_City -06:00
America/Matamoros -06:00
CST6CDT -06:00
America/Knox_IN -06:00
America/Menominee -06:00
America/Resolute -06:00
Canada/Central -06:00
America/Bahia_Banderas -06:00
US/Indiana-Starke -06:00
SystemV/CST6CDT -06:00
America/Merida -06:00
Canada/Saskatchewan -06:00
America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -06:00
America/Winnipeg -06:00
America/Panama -05:00
America/Indiana/Petersburg -05:00
America/Eirunepe -05:00
America/Grand_Turk -05:00
Cuba -05:00
Etc/GMT+5 -05:00
Pacific/Easter -05:00
America/Fort_Wayne -05:00
America/Havana -05:00
America/Porto_Acre -05:00
US/Michigan -05:00
America/Louisville -05:00
America/Guayaquil -05:00
America/Indiana/Vevay -05:00
America/Indiana/Vincennes -05:00
America/Indianapolis -05:00
America/Iqaluit -05:00
America/Kentucky/Louisville -05:00
EST5EDT -05:00
America/Nassau -05:00
America/Jamaica -05:00
America/Atikokan -05:00
America/Kentucky/Monticello -05:00
America/Coral_Harbour -05:00
America/Cayman -05:00
Chile/EasterIsland -05:00
America/Indiana/Indianapolis -05:00
America/Thunder_Bay -05:00
America/Indiana/Marengo -05:00
America/Bogota -05:00
SystemV/EST5 -05:00
US/Eastern -05:00
Canada/Eastern -05:00
America/Port-au-Prince -05:00
America/Nipigon -05:00
Brazil/Acre -05:00
US/East-Indiana -05:00
America/Cancun -05:00
America/Lima -05:00
America/Rio_Branco -05:00
America/Detroit -05:00
Jamaica -05:00
America/Pangnirtung -05:00
America/Montreal -05:00
America/Indiana/Winamac -05:00
America/New_York -05:00
America/Toronto -05:00
SystemV/EST5EDT -05:00
America/Cuiaba -04:00
America/Marigot -04:00
Canada/Atlantic -04:00
Etc/GMT+4 -04:00
America/Manaus -04:00
America/St_Thomas -04:00
America/Anguilla -04:00
America/Barbados -04:00
America/Curacao -04:00
America/Guyana -04:00
America/Martinique -04:00
America/Puerto_Rico -04:00
America/Port_of_Spain -04:00
SystemV/AST4 -04:00
America/Kralendijk -04:00
America/Antigua -04:00
America/Moncton -04:00
America/St_Vincent -04:00
America/Dominica -04:00
Atlantic/Bermuda -04:00
Brazil/West -04:00
America/Aruba -04:00
America/Halifax -04:00
America/La_Paz -04:00
America/Blanc-Sablon -04:00
America/Santo_Domingo -04:00
America/Glace_Bay -04:00
America/St_Barthelemy -04:00
America/St_Lucia -04:00
America/Montserrat -04:00
America/Lower_Princes -04:00
America/Thule -04:00
America/Tortola -04:00
America/Porto_Velho -04:00
America/Campo_Grande -04:00
America/Goose_Bay -04:00
America/Virgin -04:00
America/Boa_Vista -04:00
America/Grenada -04:00
America/St_Kitts -04:00
America/Caracas -04:00
America/Guadeloupe -04:00
SystemV/AST4ADT -04:00
America/St_Johns -03:30
Canada/Newfoundland -03:30
Chile/Continental -03:00
America/Miquelon -03:00
America/Argentina/Catamarca -03:00
America/Argentina/Cordoba -03:00
America/Araguaina -03:00
America/Argentina/Salta -03:00
Etc/GMT+3 -03:00
America/Montevideo -03:00
Brazil/East -03:00
America/Argentina/Mendoza -03:00
America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -03:00
America/Catamarca -03:00
America/Godthab -03:00
America/Cordoba -03:00
America/Sao_Paulo -03:00
America/Argentina/Jujuy -03:00
America/Cayenne -03:00
America/Recife -03:00
America/Buenos_Aires -03:00
America/Paramaribo -03:00
America/Mendoza -03:00
America/Santarem -03:00
America/Asuncion -03:00
America/Maceio -03:00
Atlantic/Stanley -03:00
Antarctica/Rothera -03:00
America/Argentina/San_Luis -03:00
America/Santiago -03:00
America/Argentina/Ushuaia -03:00
Antarctica/Palmer -03:00
America/Punta_Arenas -03:00
America/Fortaleza -03:00
America/Argentina/La_Rioja -03:00
America/Belem -03:00
America/Jujuy -03:00
America/Bahia -03:00
America/Argentina/San_Juan -03:00
America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -03:00
America/Argentina/Tucuman -03:00
America/Nuuk -03:00
America/Rosario -03:00
America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -03:00
Etc/GMT+2 -02:00
America/Noronha -02:00
Brazil/DeNoronha -02:00
Atlantic/South_Georgia -02:00
Etc/GMT+1 -01:00
Atlantic/Cape_Verde -01:00
Atlantic/Azores -01:00
America/Scoresbysund -01:00
Pacific/Kiritimati +14:00
Etc/GMT-14 +14:00
NZ-CHAT +13:45
Pacific/Chatham +13:45
Pacific/Fakaofo +13:00
Antarctica/McMurdo +13:00
Pacific/Enderbury +13:00
NZ +13:00
Pacific/Apia +13:00
Antarctica/South_Pole +13:00
Pacific/Kanton +13:00
Pacific/Auckland +13:00
Pacific/Tongatapu +13:00
Etc/GMT-13 +13:00
Pacific/Kwajalein +12:00
Pacific/Wallis +12:00
Pacific/Fiji +12:00
Pacific/Funafuti +12:00
Pacific/Nauru +12:00
Kwajalein +12:00
Pacific/Wake +12:00
Pacific/Norfolk +12:00
Pacific/Tarawa +12:00
Asia/Kamchatka +12:00
Etc/GMT-12 +12:00
Asia/Anadyr +12:00
Pacific/Majuro +12:00
Australia/Hobart +11:00
Australia/Tasmania +11:00
Australia/ACT +11:00
Pacific/Ponape +11:00
Pacific/Bougainville +11:00
Australia/Victoria +11:00
Antarctica/Macquarie +11:00
Antarctica/Casey +11:00
Australia/Canberra +11:00
Australia/Currie +11:00
Australia/Lord_Howe +11:00
Australia/NSW +11:00
Pacific/Pohnpei +11:00
Pacific/Efate +11:00
Asia/Magadan +11:00
Pacific/Kosrae +11:00
Australia/Sydney +11:00
Australia/LHI +11:00
Asia/Sakhalin +11:00
Pacific/Noumea +11:00
Etc/GMT-11 +11:00
Asia/Srednekolymsk +11:00
Australia/Melbourne +11:00
Pacific/Guadalcanal +11:00
Australia/Yancowinna +10:30
Australia/Adelaide +10:30
Australia/Broken_Hill +10:30
Australia/South +10:30
Pacific/Yap +10:00
Pacific/Port_Moresby +10:00
Pacific/Chuuk +10:00
Australia/Queensland +10:00
Pacific/Guam +10:00
Pacific/Truk +10:00
Asia/Vladivostok +10:00
Pacific/Saipan +10:00
Antarctica/DumontDUrville +10:00
Australia/Brisbane +10:00
Etc/GMT-10 +10:00
Asia/Ust-Nera +10:00
Australia/Lindeman +10:00
Australia/North +09:30
Australia/Darwin +09:30
Etc/GMT-9 +09:00
Pacific/Palau +09:00
Asia/Chita +09:00
Asia/Dili +09:00
Asia/Jayapura +09:00
Asia/Yakutsk +09:00
Asia/Pyongyang +09:00
ROK +09:00
Asia/Seoul +09:00
Asia/Khandyga +09:00
Japan +09:00
Asia/Tokyo +09:00
Australia/Eucla +08:45
Asia/Kuching +08:00
Asia/Chungking +08:00
Etc/GMT-8 +08:00
Australia/Perth +08:00
Asia/Macao +08:00
Asia/Macau +08:00
Asia/Choibalsan +08:00
Asia/Shanghai +08:00
Asia/Ulan_Bator +08:00
Asia/Chongqing +08:00
Asia/Ulaanbaatar +08:00
Asia/Taipei +08:00
Asia/Manila +08:00
PRC +08:00
Asia/Ujung_Pandang +08:00
Asia/Harbin +08:00
Singapore +08:00
Asia/Brunei +08:00
Australia/West +08:00
Asia/Hong_Kong +08:00
Asia/Makassar +08:00
Hongkong +08:00
Asia/Kuala_Lumpur +08:00
Asia/Irkutsk +08:00
Asia/Singapore +08:00
Asia/Pontianak +07:00
Etc/GMT-7 +07:00
Asia/Phnom_Penh +07:00
Asia/Novosibirsk +07:00
Antarctica/Davis +07:00
Asia/Tomsk +07:00
Asia/Jakarta +07:00
Asia/Barnaul +07:00
Indian/Christmas +07:00
Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh +07:00
Asia/Hovd +07:00
Asia/Bangkok +07:00
Asia/Vientiane +07:00
Asia/Novokuznetsk +07:00
Asia/Krasnoyarsk +07:00
Asia/Saigon +07:00
Asia/Yangon +06:30
Asia/Rangoon +06:30
Indian/Cocos +06:30
Asia/Kashgar +06:00
Etc/GMT-6 +06:00
Asia/Almaty +06:00
Asia/Dacca +06:00
Asia/Omsk +06:00
Asia/Dhaka +06:00
Indian/Chagos +06:00
Asia/Qostanay +06:00
Asia/Bishkek +06:00
Antarctica/Vostok +06:00
Asia/Urumqi +06:00
Asia/Thimbu +06:00
Asia/Thimphu +06:00
Asia/Kathmandu +05:45
Asia/Katmandu +05:45
Asia/Kolkata +05:30
Asia/Colombo +05:30
Asia/Calcutta +05:30
Asia/Aqtau +05:00
Etc/GMT-5 +05:00
Asia/Samarkand +05:00
Asia/Karachi +05:00
Asia/Yekaterinburg +05:00
Asia/Dushanbe +05:00
Indian/Maldives +05:00
Asia/Oral +05:00
Asia/Tashkent +05:00
Antarctica/Mawson +05:00
Asia/Qyzylorda +05:00
Asia/Aqtobe +05:00
Asia/Ashkhabad +05:00
Asia/Ashgabat +05:00
Asia/Atyrau +05:00
Indian/Kerguelen +05:00
Asia/Kabul +04:30
Asia/Yerevan +04:00
Etc/GMT-4 +04:00
Asia/Dubai +04:00
Indian/Reunion +04:00
Indian/Mauritius +04:00
Europe/Saratov +04:00
Europe/Samara +04:00
Indian/Mahe +04:00
Asia/Baku +04:00
Asia/Muscat +04:00
Europe/Astrakhan +04:00
Asia/Tbilisi +04:00
Europe/Ulyanovsk +04:00
Iran +03:30
Asia/Tehran +03:30
Asia/Aden +03:00
Africa/Nairobi +03:00
Europe/Istanbul +03:00
Etc/GMT-3 +03:00
Indian/Comoro +03:00
Antarctica/Syowa +03:00
Africa/Mogadishu +03:00
Africa/Asmera +03:00
Asia/Istanbul +03:00
Europe/Moscow +03:00
Africa/Djibouti +03:00
Europe/Simferopol +03:00
Africa/Asmara +03:00
Asia/Baghdad +03:00
Africa/Dar_es_Salaam +03:00
Africa/Addis_Ababa +03:00
Asia/Riyadh +03:00
Asia/Kuwait +03:00
Europe/Kirov +03:00
Africa/Kampala +03:00
Europe/Minsk +03:00
Asia/Qatar +03:00
Asia/Bahrain +03:00
Indian/Antananarivo +03:00
Indian/Mayotte +03:00
Europe/Volgograd +03:00
Turkey +03:00
W-SU +03:00
Africa/Cairo +02:00
Africa/Mbabane +02:00
Etc/GMT-2 +02:00
Europe/Zaporozhye +02:00
Libya +02:00
Africa/Kigali +02:00
Africa/Tripoli +02:00
Israel +02:00
Europe/Kaliningrad +02:00
Africa/Windhoek +02:00
Europe/Bucharest +02:00
Europe/Mariehamn +02:00
Africa/Lubumbashi +02:00
Europe/Tiraspol +02:00
Europe/Chisinau +02:00
Europe/Helsinki +02:00
Asia/Beirut +02:00
Asia/Tel_Aviv +02:00
Europe/Sofia +02:00
Africa/Gaborone +02:00
Asia/Gaza +02:00
Europe/Riga +02:00
Africa/Maputo +02:00
Asia/Damascus +02:00
Europe/Uzhgorod +02:00
Asia/Jerusalem +02:00
Africa/Bujumbura +02:00
Europe/Kiev +02:00
Europe/Vilnius +02:00
Africa/Maseru +02:00
Africa/Blantyre +02:00
Africa/Lusaka +02:00
Africa/Harare +02:00
Europe/Tallinn +02:00
Africa/Khartoum +02:00
Africa/Johannesburg +02:00
Africa/Juba +02:00
Asia/Nicosia +02:00
Asia/Famagusta +02:00
EET +02:00
Asia/Hebron +02:00
Egypt +02:00
Asia/Amman +02:00
Europe/Nicosia +02:00
Europe/Athens +02:00
Europe/Brussels +01:00
Europe/Warsaw +01:00
CET +01:00
Etc/GMT-1 +01:00
Europe/Luxembourg +01:00
Africa/Tunis +01:00
Europe/Malta +01:00
Europe/Busingen +01:00
Africa/Malabo +01:00
Europe/Skopje +01:00
Europe/Sarajevo +01:00
Africa/Lagos +01:00
Europe/Rome +01:00
Africa/Algiers +01:00
Europe/Zurich +01:00
Europe/Gibraltar +01:00
Europe/Vaduz +01:00
Europe/Ljubljana +01:00
Europe/Berlin +01:00
Europe/Stockholm +01:00
Europe/Budapest +01:00
Europe/Zagreb +01:00
Europe/Paris +01:00
Africa/Ndjamena +01:00
Africa/Ceuta +01:00
Europe/Prague +01:00
Europe/Copenhagen +01:00
Europe/Vienna +01:00
Europe/Tirane +01:00
MET +01:00
Europe/Amsterdam +01:00
Africa/Libreville +01:00
Africa/El_Aaiun +01:00
Europe/San_Marino +01:00
Africa/Douala +01:00
Africa/Brazzaville +01:00
Africa/Porto-Novo +01:00
Poland +01:00
Europe/Andorra +01:00
Europe/Oslo +01:00
Europe/Podgorica +01:00
Africa/Casablanca +01:00
Africa/Luanda +01:00
Atlantic/Jan_Mayen +01:00
Africa/Kinshasa +01:00
Europe/Madrid +01:00
Africa/Bangui +01:00
Europe/Belgrade +01:00
Africa/Niamey +01:00
Europe/Bratislava +01:00
Arctic/Longyearbyen +01:00
Europe/Vatican +01:00
Europe/Monaco +01:00
Europe/London +00:00
GMT +00:00
Etc/GMT-0 +00:00
Europe/Jersey +00:00
Atlantic/St_Helena +00:00
Europe/Guernsey +00:00
Europe/Isle_of_Man +00:00
Etc/GMT+0 +00:00
Africa/Banjul +00:00
Etc/GMT +00:00
Africa/Freetown +00:00
GB-Eire +00:00
Africa/Bamako +00:00
GB +00:00
Africa/Conakry +00:00
Portugal +00:00
Universal +00:00
Africa/Sao_Tome +00:00
Africa/Nouakchott +00:00
Antarctica/Troll +00:00
UTC +00:00
Etc/Universal +00:00
Atlantic/Faeroe +00:00
Africa/Abidjan +00:00
Eire +00:00
Africa/Accra +00:00
Atlantic/Faroe +00:00
Etc/UCT +00:00
GMT0 +00:00
Europe/Dublin +00:00
Zulu +00:00
Africa/Ouagadougou +00:00
Atlantic/Reykjavik +00:00
Atlantic/Madeira +00:00
Etc/Zulu +00:00
Iceland +00:00
Europe/Lisbon +00:00
Atlantic/Canary +00:00
Africa/Lome +00:00
Greenwich +00:00
Europe/Belfast +00:00
Etc/GMT0 +00:00
America/Danmarkshavn +00:00
Africa/Dakar +00:00
Africa/Bissau +00:00
WET +00:00
Etc/Greenwich +00:00
Africa/Timbuktu +00:00
UCT +00:00
Africa/Monrovia +00:00
Etc/UTC +00:004. ZoneId.SHORT_IDS
The ZoneId.SHORT_IDS is a constant Map of frequently used short time-zone names. For example, IST is used for Indian Standard Time, representing the zone id “Asia/Kolkata“.
This map contains a mapping of the IDs that is in line with TZDB 2005r and later, where ‘EST’, ‘MST’ and ‘HST’ map to IDs that do not include daylight savings.
The following short ids are supported by default.
EST - -05:00
HST - -10:00
MST - -07:00
ACT - Australia/Darwin
AET - Australia/Sydney
AGT - America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires
ART - Africa/Cairo
AST - America/Anchorage
BET - America/Sao_Paulo
BST - Asia/Dhaka
CAT - Africa/Harare
CNT - America/St_Johns
CST - America/Chicago
CTT - Asia/Shanghai
EAT - Africa/Addis_Ababa
ECT - Europe/Paris
IET - America/Indiana/Indianapolis
IST - Asia/Kolkata
JST - Asia/Tokyo
MIT - Pacific/Apia
NET - Asia/Yerevan
NST - Pacific/Auckland
PLT - Asia/Karachi
PNT - America/Phoenix
PRT - America/Puerto_Rico
PST - America/Los_Angeles
SST - Pacific/Guadalcanal
VST - Asia/Ho_Chi_MinhIt is a static Map so we can add more custom key-value pairs based on the requirements, and use them in other places in the application code.
5. Conclusion
In this short Java tutorial, we learned about the zone ids and offsets and also displayed all such zone ids for reference purposes. Note that the list of these zone ids may increase over time with newer versions of java.
Happy Learning !!
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